Relative Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Competitiveness of Biofuels in Germany
نویسندگان
چکیده
Transport biofuels derived from biogenic material are used for substituting fossil fuels, 1 thereby abating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Numerous competing conversion options exist to 2 produce biofuels, with differing GHG emissions and costs. In this paper analysis and modelling of the 3 long-term development of GHG abatement and relative GHG abatement cost competitiveness between 4 crop-based biofuels in Germany is carried out. Presently dominant conventional biofuels and advanced 5 liquid biofuels were found not to be competitive compared to the substantially higher yielding options 6 available: sugar beet based ethanol for the short to medium term least-cost option and Substitute 7 Natural Gas (SNG) for the medium to long term. The competitiveness of SNG was found to depend 8 highly on the emissions development of the power mix. Silage maize based biomethane was found 9 competitive on a land area basis, but not on an energetic basis. Due to land limitations as well as cost 10 and GHG uncertainty, a stronger focus on the land use of crop-based biofuels should be laid in policy. 11
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تاریخ انتشار 2017